关于国内外美丽乡村建设研究的进展与启示

近年来,随着全国各地陆续出台美丽乡村建设的相关政策以及制定专门的发展规划,对于美丽乡村建设的研究规模也逐年扩大,有关美丽乡村建设文献研究的来源也正体现出多学科关注的特点。其研究方法多以定性分析法、实地调查法为主,还有少量的实证分析;研究内容方面,国外美丽乡村的建设主要以东亚、欧美两个地区最具代表性,国内的美丽乡村建设研究主要包括美丽乡村的基础理论研究、建设水平的评价研究、规划设计研究、政策制度研究及传播推广研究。黑龙江省在美丽乡村建设方面无论是理论研究还是实践探索都还处于初期阶段,迫切需要在理论探索、问题归纳、出路探索等多方面持续展开一系列深入研究。所以在今后的研究过程中应注重多种研究方法相结合、深化理论研究、强化理论和实践的关系、吸收先进经验,以补己之短。     

色彩对城市山地型公园春冬季植物景观视觉质量的影响

文章采用SBE法、色彩量化分析等研究方法,结合实地调查,应用景观美学、色彩构成理论、色彩量化分析等理论对福州市金鸡山公园植物景观质量提升进行研究,研究结果表明:1)金鸡山公园春冬植物景观整体以绿、黄绿色为主,色相种类相对较少,色彩丰富度较低;明度主要集中在N4,N5等级,位于中等水平;纯度主要分布于1~3等级内,植物色彩饱和度较低。2)根据美景度评价法及景观质量等级划分,将金鸡山植物景观分为5个等级,SBE最高最低差值为146.24,差异较大;景观质量较高的景观主色调色系较多且差别较大,绿色色调的斑块与景观色彩面积比较小(最低值仅63.52%),景观质量较差的景观主色调色系较少且差别不大,绿色色调的斑块与景观色彩面积比较大(高于80%),且美景度较高的照片其明度及纯度也较高。3)从色彩频率分析可知,Ⅰ,Ⅱ组主要为绿色系、蓝色系、黄色系及红色系;Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ组多以冷色调的绿色系、灰色系为主。4)应适当增加植物景观主色调色系、控制绿色系色调的比例,多采用邻近色和互补色配置,并注意明度和饱和度变化以提高金鸡山公园植物景观质量。     

24-表油菜素内酯对杏果实贮藏品质的影响

以新疆赛买提杏为试验原料,选用0.9 mg/L的24-表油菜素内酯(24-epibrassionolide,EBR)对杏果实进行10 min的浸泡处理,将处理后的果实取出晾干后贮藏在温度为4℃、相对湿度(RH)90%~95%的冷库中,以蒸馏水处理为对照,定期测定相关指标,研究24-表油菜素内酯处理对杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,24-表油菜素内酯处理可以延缓杏果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、叶绿素和抗坏血酸含量的下降,有效降低杏果实的自然发病率,并能有效延缓呼吸速率和失重率的上升。     

食用菌生物保鲜技术研究进展

食用菌兼具营养及药用价值,被公认为"现代保健食品",已成为继植物性、动物性食品之外的第三类食品--菌物性食品。食用菌含水量高、组织脆嫩,在采收和贮运过程中容易受到损伤,引起褐变、变质或腐烂等,严重影响其食用性和商品价值,因此食用菌保鲜技术受到广泛关注。本文探讨了影响食用菌采后保鲜效果的因素,对近年来国内外食用菌生物保鲜技术的研究进展进行了综述,提出了食用菌生物保鲜技术的未来发展方向。     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas azotoformans,Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma virens against Fusarium wilt of Dalbergia sissoo

Wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani is a serious constraint to Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) plantations in northern India. In this study, the antagonistic potential of 40 bacterial isolates recovered from rhizophere soil of healthy shisham trees, and a well‐characterized Trichoderma species (Trichoderma virens) were tested for their possibility as biocontrol agents for F. solani. Two promising isolates (S1 and S15) were identified which inhibited pathogen growth, caused chitin degradation, produced siderophores and solubilized phosphate in vitro. Isolate S15 scored highest for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production while isolate S1 was a non‐HCN producer. These two isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens (S1) and Pseudomonas azotoformans (S15) following sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. In dual culture assays, T. virens caused 80% inhibition of mycelial growth of the test fungus. The three selected antagonists when tested in planta in the glasshouse completely suppressed production of wilt symptoms on 12‐month‐old shisham plants. Further work is needed to ascertain the potential of these isolates to be used as biocontrol agents to manage shisham wilt under field conditions.     

基于“言象意”思想的上海方塔园诗意空间营造研究

探析"言象意"思想与园林意境营造之间的联系,总结出立意、取象与尽意的园林意境空间营造方法。以方塔园为例,分析其在立意、取象与尽意等方面的营造手法,证实基于"言象意"思想的营造手法在诗意空间营造中的可行性与实用性,从中得到对现代诗意空间营造的启示:自然与生态精神的追求,传统文化的提取,现代资源的应用与诗性思维的参与。     

千岛湖森林康养基地发展路径探析 ——基于千岛湖龙川湾的调查研究

国家相关管理部门联合提出按照“环境优良、服务优质、管理完善、特色鲜明、效益明显”的要求建设一批国家森林康养基地。以浙江千岛湖龙川湾为例,分析其森林资源、地理区位、产业链、发展规模、社会合作、管理保障、三大效益等方面建设森林康养基地的优势,整合提升游憩观赏、研学文化、垂钓休闲、扶犁耕地、康养保健、疗养康复、健身拓展区域空间布局与发展举措,从康养体验、休闲体验、运动健身等方面增强千岛湖龙川湾森林康养基地功能,推进森林康养产业发展。